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Accident News
Decreased Alcohol Consumption, Increased Use of Seat Belts Save Lives
Traffic crash mortality rates in the U.S. declined by 44 percent between 1969 and 2003, dropping from 26.4 per 100,000 person-years in 1969 to 14.7 in 2003. Behaviors that contribute to the risk of traffic-crash mortality include alcohol use by drivers and pedestrians, not wearing a seat belt, lack of an air bag, not wearing a motorcycle helmet, and not wearing a bicycle helmet. Of these five risk factors, decreased alcohol consumption and increased use of seat belts were associated with substantial reductions in crash mortality from 1982 through 2001, according to new research by investigators at the Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center. The increased presence of air bags and use of motorcycle helmets and bicycle helmets were associated with smaller reductions, the researchers found.
"Changes in Traffic Crash Mortality Rates Attributed to Use of Alcohol, or Lack of a Seat Belt, Air Bag, Motorcycle Helmet, or Bicycle Helmet, United States, 1982--2001" is published in the June 2006 issue of Injury Prevention. The researchers studied data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System, which collects information on all crashes on public roads in the U.S. that result in a fatality within 30 days.
The researchers cite factors for the changes in the five behaviors over the 20-year period. Citizen groups that influenced attitudes and laws regarding drunken driving have been credited with part of this decrease. The first state seat belt law was adopted in 1984; by 2004, 80 percent of 52,000 observed front-seat motorists were belted, according to a survey by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. By 1994 most new cars had dual air bags, and these were required in cars by 1998 and in light trucks by 1999. Observed helmet use by motorcyclists was 63 percent in 1994, rose to 71 percent in 2000, but declined to 58 percent by 2002, according to a survey by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Bicycle helmet use has become more common in some regions.
Swerving or Avoiding (due to wind, slippery surface, vehicle, object, non-motorist in roadway, etc.) is defined
Defensive driver action to defend against an apparent danger in, on, or due to the condition of the roadway or the presence of a motor vehicle or object or non-motorist in the roadway in order to avoid a crash.
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Definition:
Law enforcement suspected, and documented, that at least one driver or non-motorist involved in the crash had used alcohol. Includes both alcohol use under the legal limit and at or over the legal limit.
Hit and Run
Definition:
Crashes where the vehicle, or the driver of the vehicle, in transport is a contact vehicle in the crash, and departs the scene without stopping to render aid.
AAMVA
Definition:
American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators
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